Travel and the Built Environment, Journal of the American Planning Association
Abstract
Problem: Localities and states are
turning to land planning and urban
design for help in reducing automobile
use and related social and environmental
costs. The effects of such strategies on
travel demand have not been generalized
in recent years from the multitude of
available studies.
Purpose: We conducted a meta-analysis of
the built environment-travel literature
existing at the end of 2009 in order to draw
generalizable conclusions for practice. We
aimed to quantify effect sizes, update earlier
work, include additional outcome measures,
and address the methodological issue of
self-selection.
Methods: We computed elasticities for
individual studies and pooled them to
produce weighted averages.
Results and conclusions: Travel
variables are generally inelastic with respect
to change in measures of the built environment. Of the environmental variables
considered here, none has a weighted
average travel elasticity of absolute magnitude greater than 0.39, and most are much
less. Still, the combined effect of several
such variables on travel could be quite large.
Consistent with prior work, we find that
vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is most
strongly related to measures of accessibility
to destinations and secondarily to street
network design variables. Walking is most
strongly related to measures of land use
diversity, intersection density, and the
number of destinations within walking
Alıntıla (Citation)
Reid Ewing & Robert Cervero (2010): Travel and the Built Environment, Journal of the American Planning Association, 76:3, 265-294.
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